A groundbreaking new cheek swab test has been developed by scientists that can predict an individual’s risk of death within the next 12 months. This innovative test utilises cells collected from the inside of the cheek to provide valuable insights into mortality risks.
Previous research has indicated that various lifestyle factors such as stress, sleep quality, nutrition, smoking, and alcohol consumption can accelerate the ageing process. These effects are reflected in our genetic makeup through “epigenetic marks,” which are chemical modifications to DNA like the addition of methyl molecules. These changes allow for the measurement of the body’s molecular ageing progression.
Traditionally, assessing molecular ageing markers involved analysing blood cells, which could be cumbersome. However, a recent study published in the journal Frontiers in Ageing introduces a new methodology that evaluates biological ageing based on epigenetic marks in cells obtained from cheek swabs.
The test, named “CheekAge,” establishes connections between specific genes within the body and the processes that drive human mortality. By correlating the fraction of methyl group modifications at approximately 200,000 genomic sites with an overall health and lifestyle score, researchers were able to predict mortality from any cause in a cohort of over 1,500 individuals.
The results of the study indicated a significant association between CheekAge and mortality in a longitudinal dataset. Moreover, there were common mortality signals observed across various tissues in the body. This suggests that a simple, non-invasive cheek swab test could be a valuable tool for studying and monitoring the biology of ageing.
In-depth analysis of DNA methylation sites associated with mortality highlighted potential candidate genes that may influence lifespan or the risk of age-related diseases. Among these genes are PDZRN4, implicated in tumour suppression, and ALPK2, associated with cancer and heart health.
Further research is warranted to explore additional associations that CheekAge could unveil, such as the incidence of age-related diseases or the duration of “healthspan.” This period refers to the healthy phase of life free from chronic age-related illnesses and disabilities.
The development of this new cheek swab test represents a significant advancement in predicting mortality risks and understanding the genetic basis of ageing. With its non-invasive nature and potential to provide valuable insights into individuals’ health and longevity, CheekAge holds promise for future research and clinical applications.