Urban policies and housing are now recognised as key drivers of economic growth in Africa, as cities on the continent undergo a transformative urbanisation surge. The expansion of cities in Africa presents both challenges and opportunities for communities, with the potential to uplift people out of poverty and create a sustainable and prosperous Africa.
At the first Africa Urban Forum held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from 4-6 September 2024, discussions revolved around the future of urbanisation in Africa. With Africa’s urban population expected to double by 2050, reaching an additional 600 million people, cities are emerging as significant contributors to the continent’s GDP. By 2025, Africa is set to host six new megacities, further solidifying its urban influence on the global stage.
However, rapid urbanisation also poses challenges, particularly in terms of housing the growing population. Currently, around 240 million people in Africa live in informal settlements, highlighting the pressing need for improved infrastructure, access to basic services like water and sanitation, and sustainable urban planning. Unplanned urban sprawl not only threatens the environment but also exacerbates social tensions and strains municipal resources.
Despite these challenges, progress has been made in providing basic amenities to millions of people. Initiatives such as the Participatory Slum Upgrading Programme have demonstrated the potential for positive change. Additionally, the New Urban Agenda, adopted in Quito in 2016, emphasises the importance of inclusive and sustainable urban planning to address the housing needs of rapidly growing cities.
One of the key outcomes of the Africa Urban Forum was the recognition by ministers of housing and urban development of the urgent need to bridge infrastructure gaps and improve access to housing and basic services. Affordable and sustainable housing plays a crucial role in achieving the aspirations of the African Union’s Agenda 2063 and aligns with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals.
Moving forward, strong partnerships between national and local governments, the private sector, civil society, and international organisations will be essential in mobilising resources and political will to support urban development across Africa. The upcoming World Urban Forum in Cairo, scheduled for November 2024, will provide an opportunity to further shape the global urban agenda and catalyse sustainable development initiatives in Africa.
In conclusion, the Africa Urban Forum underscores the importance of collaborative efforts in addressing the unique challenges and opportunities presented by urbanisation in Africa. By prioritising inclusive urban planning, innovative financing mechanisms, and sustainable development practices, African cities can become beacons of prosperity and resilience for the continent and the world.