Migration through the Darien Gap has seen a significant increase in September, with Venezuelans leading the way following their recent election. The rugged jungle passage between Colombia and Panama has witnessed a surge in the number of migrants, as reported by Panamanian government data. This spike has raised concerns as a human rights organization points out a decrease in the capacity to assist migrants.
Venezuelans have been at the forefront of the mass migration through the Darien since 2022, with numbers escalating further after the controversial presidential election in their home country. Refugees International highlighted the impact of the crackdown post the July 28, 2024 elections in Venezuela, attributing it to the surge in immigration. The organisation’s report, based on numerous interviews with migrants at reception stations in Panama and Costa Rica, sheds light on the challenges faced by those seeking refuge.
In 2023, over half a million migrants crossed the Darien Gap, a record-breaking figure with more than 65% being of Venezuelan origin. Panamanian President José Raúl Mulino, who assumed office on July 1, pledged to address the migration issue by closing several access points. Collaborating with the United States, a repatriation programme was announced, with additional flights being deployed to certain countries. However, the plan did not extend to Venezuelan migrants due to diplomatic complications.
Despite a decrease in the overall number of migrants passing through the Darien in 2024 compared to the previous year, September recorded a noticeable upsurge. Official data revealed that 25,111 individuals crossed last month, with over 80% identified as Venezuelans. The migrants also represented a diverse range of nationalities including Colombians, Ecuadorians, Chinese, among others.
Refugees International cautioned that while some migratory measures may have temporarily deterred migration, the long-term impact remains uncertain. The organisation also highlighted the challenges faced by migrants, particularly noting the limited humanitarian aid available in Panama and the looming threat of deportation for non-Venezuelan migrants.
The situation was further exacerbated by the suspension of Doctors Without Borders (MSF) by the previous Panamanian administration. This suspension, allegedly due to various accusations against the authorities, hindered the provision of humanitarian aid to migrants. While MSF has since resumed its activities following approval from Panamanian authorities, the incidents serve as a stark reminder of the complex challenges faced by migrants passing through the Darien Gap.
The evolving situation in the region underscores the urgent need for comprehensive and sustainable solutions to address the rising migration flows through the Darien Gap. As the numbers fluctuate and challenges persist, the plight of migrants navigating this rugged terrain remains a pressing concern for human rights organisations and governments alike.