Ancient Chinese Makeup Uncovered by Archaeologists Over 1,000 Years Ago
Archaeologists have unearthed evidence that ancient Chinese people were producing and wearing makeup over a millennium ago. The cosmetics industry in ancient China thrived between 618 and 907 AD, creating a variety of products such as moisturisers made from animal fat and eyebrow enhancers using graphite powder. These cosmetic items were popular among the wealthy non-elite members of the Tang dynasty.
A recent study published in the journal Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences focused on thousands of tombs in Xian, the capital city of the Tang dynasty. The research revealed that not only did the ancient Chinese develop cosmetic recipes, but they also refined and enhanced them for better usability. For instance, a moisturiser made from ruminant fat was improved with the addition of Brassicaceae seed oil, making it easier to apply in the cold, dry winters of northern China.
The study also unveiled the use of coloured cosmetics in ancient Chinese society, discovering organic residues in shells that contained a mixture of vegetable oil, moths, and plant extracts. Another skincare product found was likely a combination of rosin and plant pigments. Remarkably, the study highlighted that people during the Tang dynasty used products akin to modern-day lipstick and blusher, with graphite ore serving as eyebrow cosmetics, and a mixture of cinnabar and animal glue as lipstick or blusher.
However, some of the cosmetics analysed in the study may have contained mercury, a toxic substance harmful to users. Despite the potential risks, the findings underscore the diversity of cosmetics crafted from various raw materials including plants, animals, and minerals during the Tang dynasty in China.
The research sheds light on the sophistication and artistry of ancient Chinese culture, revealing the early roots of the makeup industry and its significance in historical beauty practices. Engrossed in rituals and beauty enhancements, the ancient Chinese not only embraced cosmetics for aesthetic purposes but also as a reflection of their social status and cultural heritage.