An Associated Press investigation has shed light on Russia’s recruitment of around 200 African women aged 18-22 to work in a factory producing Iranian-designed attack drones for use in Ukraine.
These women, recruited from countries such as Uganda, Kenya, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone, were promised a work-study program but instead found themselves working long hours under constant surveillance, handling caustic chemicals, and facing broken promises regarding wages and areas of study.
The factory, located in Russia’s republic of Tatarstan, has grown rapidly and is set to become Russia’s main plant for producing explosive drones, with plans to manufacture up to 6,000 drones annually by 2025. The factory operates in the Alabuga Special Economic Zone, about 1,000 kilometers east of Moscow.
Reports reveal that most of the foreign women recruited through the “Alabuga Start” campaign are involved in drone assembly, chemical usage, and painting. They live in guarded dormitories, are closely monitored, and are prohibited from bringing phones into the factory.
While some workers expressed satisfaction with their pay and cultural experience, many others disagreed with the compensation and conditions, highlighting concerns over long shifts, inadequate protective gear, and issues with sending money home due to banking sanctions on Russia.
The United Nations has raised the possibility that Russia’s recruitment tactics could constitute trafficking if carried out fraudulently for exploitation. Notably, among the African governments contacted regarding the recruitment, concerns have been raised about the vulnerability of female migrant workers and the need for safeguarding their welfare.
Furthermore, the drones manufactured at this factory have significantly increased Russia’s drone capabilities in Ukraine, with a notable failure rate of about 95% of drones missing their intended targets. This failure could be attributed to improved Ukrainian defenses, substandard craftsmanship, or the use of non-explosive drone variants.
The recruitment drive heavily relies on a social media campaign showcasing African women performing various tasks at the factory without disclosing the true nature of their work. Promoted as an opportunity to earn money and learn skills, the program has drawn increased attention through the use of influencers on platforms like TikTok.
As international scrutiny grows around the recruitment practices and operations at the factory, questions remain regarding the treatment and conditions of the African women involved in producing drones for use in the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.