Millions of people who take vitamin and mineral supplements may be unknowingly increasing their risk of heart disease and premature death, according to a recent study. The research, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine, analysed nearly one million participants across 277 previous studies. The study found that most supplements provide no protection against illness and could potentially do more harm than good.
In the UK, it is reported that 46 percent of individuals take vitamins and minerals daily, contributing to an industry valued at over £500 million annually. However, US scientists involved in the study concluded that the majority of these supplements are deemed useless. For example, combining vitamin D with a calcium pill was found to increase the likelihood of a stroke rather than decrease it. The lead author of the study, Dr Safi Khan from the University of West Virginia, highlighted that only a few supplements showed some protective effects in reducing cardiovascular risk.
According to Dr Safi Khan, fish oil supplementation was found to be protective against heart attacks, while folic acid supplementation was found to be protective against strokes. However, the study also noted that some supplements, such as a combination of calcium and vitamin D, were linked to significant harms. Other supplements like multivitamins, vitamins A, B6, C, D, and E, as well as iron tablets, did not show significant effects on mortality or cardiovascular outcomes.
In addition to analysing supplements, the researchers also examined various dietary interventions. They found that diets like the Mediterranean diet, reduced dietary fat, modified dietary fat, and reduced saturated fat intake did not have any effect on cardiovascular risk. However, a reduced salt diet was found to lower the risk of death in individuals with normal blood pressure, and a diet rich in omega-3 fats from fish protected against heart attack and coronary heart disease.
Overall, the study suggests that the benefits of vitamin and mineral supplements may not be as straightforward as previously believed. While some supplements showed protective effects, others were associated with increased risks. The findings highlight the need for further research and a better understanding of the role of supplements in promoting heart health.
**Insights and Summary:**
It is essential to critically evaluate the efficacy and potential risks of vitamin and mineral supplements, as highlighted by the study. While some supplements may offer protective effects against certain health conditions, others could have harmful consequences. Consumers should be cautious and seek advice from healthcare professionals before incorporating supplements into their daily routine. The research underscores the importance of a balanced diet and lifestyle in promoting overall health and well-being.