Air pollution from car fumes may be a driving factor in the development of fatty liver disease, a common and potentially deadly liver condition, a recent study suggests. The study, which was published in the Journal of Environmental Sciences, indicates that long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution can lead to liver damage and increase the risk of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.
Fatty liver disease, also known as hepatic steatosis, is a prevalent global liver condition characterised by the accumulation of excess fat in liver cells. This build-up of fat can cause inflammation, scarring, and increase the risk of cancer or liver failure. Often referred to as a ‘silent killer’, fatty liver disease can progress without showing noticeable symptoms until it has advanced significantly.
Researchers found that exposure to even low levels of traffic-derived air pollution could have harmful effects on the liver. The liver plays a crucial role in metabolising nutrients, filtering toxins from the blood, and regulating blood sugar levels. Therefore, any disruption in its function can lead to various health issues and leave individuals feeling tired and unwell due to metabolic disturbances.
Factors contributing to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) include obesity, diabetes, poor diet, lack of physical activity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels. While lifestyle choices such as diet and exercise play a significant role in the development of fatty liver disease, the study suggests that environmental factors like exposure to air pollution may also contribute to the condition.
Lead author Professor Hui Chen from the University of Technology Sydney highlighted the broader health impacts of air pollution, stating that air pollutants, such as PM2.5 particles, can enter the bloodstream through the lungs and accumulate in the liver. The study revealed that prolonged exposure to low levels of traffic-derived air pollution caused fatty liver disorder in mice, indicating that there may be no safe level of exposure to such pollutants.
In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of minimising exposure to traffic-related air pollution to protect liver health. Taking measures such as avoiding peak-hour traffic, choosing less congested routes when walking or cycling, wearing masks in polluted areas, and using air recirculation mode in vehicles during heavy traffic could help mitigate the adverse effects of air pollution on liver health. By raising awareness about the potential risks associated with air pollution, individuals and policymakers can take proactive steps to safeguard public health and well-being.